Maangamizi ya Waarmenia

Maangamizi ya Waarmenia (kwa Kiarmenia Հայոց Ցեղասպանություն, Hayots Tseghaspanutyun) maarufu kwa Kiingereza kama Armenian Holocaust,^[1], Armenian Massacres na kwa Kiarmenia Մեծ Եղեռն, Medz Yeghern, "Ovu kubwa")^[2],^[3] yalikuwa sera ya Dola la Osmani ya kukomesha Waarmenia wote walioishi ndani ya eneo la dola hilo (leo nchini Uturuki.

Makadirio ya waliouawa ni kati ya watu milioni 1 na 1.5.

Tarehe inayohesabiwa kuwa mwanzo wa hayo mauaji ya kimbari ni 24 Aprili 1915, ambapo watawala Waturuki waliteka wasomi Waarmenian 250 mjini Istanbul. Tarehe hiyohiyo miaka 100 baadaye yalifanyika maadhimisho makubwa katika nchi mbalimbalimbali, hasa huko Etchmiadzin, makao makuu ya kiroho ya Waarmenia, ambapo Patriarki Katolikosi Karekin II aliwatangaza kwa jumla waliouawa kuwa watakatifu wafiadini.

Maangamizi yalitekelezwa kwa awamu mbili: kwanza wanaume wazima waliuawa mara moja au kulazimishwa kufanya kazi za shokoa, halafu wanawake, watoto, wazee na wagonjwa waliswagwa na wanajeshi hadi jangwa la Syria ili wafe njiani, baada ya kunyimwa chakula, maji, mbali ya kuibiwa, kubakwa na kuuawa.^[4][5][6]

Makabila mengine pia, hasa ya Kikristo, kama vile Waashuru na Wagiriki, waliangamizwa na Waturuki wakati huohuo.

Mtawanyiko wa Waarmenia duniani unatokana kwa kiasi kikubwa na mauaji hayo.

Vilevile ni kutokana nayo kwamba Raphael Lemkin alitunga neno genocide mwaka 1943 kama maangamizi ya halaiki ya mpango na kadiri ya sera.^[7]

Maangamizi hayo yanahesabiwa ya kwanza katika karne ya 20^[8][9][10] yakifuatwa na yale makubwa zaidi ya maangamizi makuu dhidi ya Wayahudi wa Ulaya chini ya Adolf Hitler.^[11]

Uturuki, ulioshika nafasi ya Dola la Osmani, unazidi kukataa neno genocide kuhusiana na mauaji ya Waarmenia, ingawa wataalamu wengi wa historia wanaliona kuwa sahihi na nchi nyingi zaidi na zaidi zinaudai ukiri kosa na kupatana na Waarmenia.^[12]

1. ↑ Robert Fisk: Let me denounce genocide from the dock Archived 24 Januari 2014 at the Wayback Machine. The Independent, 14 October 2006
2. ↑ Armenian Genocide (affirmation), The International Association of Genocide Scholars, That this assembly of the Association of Genocide Scholars in its conference held in Montreal, June 11–3, 1997, reaffirms that the mass murder of Armenians in Turkey in 1915 is a case of genocide which conforms to the statutes of the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide. It further condemns the denial of the Armenian Genocide by the Turkish government and its official and unofficial agents and supporters.
3. ↑ Matiossian, Vartan. "The Self-Delusion of 'Great Calamity': What 'Medz Yeghern' Actually Means Today", 12 January 2013. 
4. ↑ Kieser, Hans-Lukas; Schaller, Dominik J. (2002), Der Völkermord an den Armeniern und die Shoah (kwa German), Chronos, uk. 114, ISBN 3-0340-0561-X {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
5. ↑ Walker, Christopher J. (1980), Armenia: The Survival of A Nation, London: Croom Helm, ku. 200–3
6. ↑ Bryce, Viscount James; Toynbee, Arnold (2000), Sarafian, Ara (mhr.), The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, 1915–1916: Documents Presented to Viscount Grey of Falloden (toleo la uncensored), Princeton, NJ: Gomidas, ku. 635–49, ISBN 0-9535191-5-5
7. ↑ Hyde, Jennifer (2 Desemba 2008). "Polish Jew gave his life defining, fighting genocide". CNN. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2008-12-03. Iliwekwa mnamo 2015-04-18. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
8. ↑ "Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly Resolution". Armenian genocide.
9. ↑ Ferguson, Niall (2006). The War of the World: Twentieth-Century Conflict and the Descent of the West. New York: Penguin Press. uk. 177. ISBN 1-59420-100-5.
10. ↑ "A Letter from The International Association of Genocide Scholars" (PDF). Genocide Watch. 13 Juni 2005. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 2017-10-11. Iliwekwa mnamo 2015-04-18. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
11. ↑ Rummel, RJ (1 Aprili 1998), "The Holocaust in Comparative and Historical Perspective", The Journal of Social Issues, 3 (2){{citation}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
12. ↑ "National Assembly of the Republic of Armenia - Official Web Site - parliament.am". parliament.am.